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如何查找战士基因MAOA
https://selfhacked.com/2014/12/07/about-mao-a-and-what-to-do-if-you-have-the-warrior-gene/
How to Check Your MAO-A Enzyme Genes
There is no SNP that perfectly correlates with 2-5R version. There are only snps that correlate with these versions somewhat. It depends on groups of snps and also on your gender.
You can check some SNPs from 23andme by looking for:
Rs909525 (MAOA Gene) – This is the best proxy for the number of repeats of the MAOA warrior gene.
If you have “TT” or just “T” (males), then you most probably have the less aggressive version. (R) T=Less Aggressive.
It was always “T” in people with the 4 or 5R non-Warrior version and always “C” in people with the 3R Warrior version. But if you are “C”, it doesn’t mean you have the warrior gene and if you are “T”, it doesn’t mean you don’t. It just means it’s more likely. (R) C=More Aggressive.
On the other hand, men (but not females) with the T allele had higher rates of suicide compared to controls (70.5% vs 54%). (R)
The combination rs909525(T) AND rs6323(G) ANDrs3027399(G) indicate specifically that it is the 5R version. The 2R version and the 3.5R version weren’t mentioned. (R)
Rs2064070 – Males with: rs909525 (C), rs6323 (G) and rs2064070 (A) had higher scores on the scale measuring expression of anger outwards. (R) Females with TT allele reported higher ‘‘spontaneous aggression.” (R)
Rs6323 (MAOA R297R Gene) – The G or GG allele indicates higher levels of the enzyme, while the T allele indicates lower levels (T is the ‘risk’ allele). (R) In females, the G allele was associated with higher outward anger (p = 0.002) and it seems like G allele also causes aggression in males. (R)G=More Aggression.
The T allele was overrepresented in patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. (R)T=Anxiety.
Females with TT reported higher levels of ‘‘angry temperament’’. Female suicide attempters with TT reported higher ‘‘self-aggression’’. (R)
Rs3027399 (MAOA) – The combination rs909525(A) AND rs6323(G) AND rs3027399(G) indicate specifically that it is the 5R version. The 2R version and the 3.5R version weren’t mentioned. (R)
Rs2235186 (MAOA Gene) was correlated with anger control traits of healthy female college students in China. (R) I don’t know which allele was associated with more anger control.
Rs1799836 (MAOB) – Different gene, but why not include it. “TT” was associated with being angry in both males and females. (R)
How to Check Your MAO-A Enzyme Genes
There is no SNP that perfectly correlates with 2-5R version. There are only snps that correlate with these versions somewhat. It depends on groups of snps and also on your gender.
You can check some SNPs from 23andme by looking for:
Rs909525 (MAOA Gene) – This is the best proxy for the number of repeats of the MAOA warrior gene.
If you have “TT” or just “T” (males), then you most probably have the less aggressive version. (R) T=Less Aggressive.
It was always “T” in people with the 4 or 5R non-Warrior version and always “C” in people with the 3R Warrior version. But if you are “C”, it doesn’t mean you have the warrior gene and if you are “T”, it doesn’t mean you don’t. It just means it’s more likely. (R) C=More Aggressive.
On the other hand, men (but not females) with the T allele had higher rates of suicide compared to controls (70.5% vs 54%). (R)
The combination rs909525(T) AND rs6323(G) ANDrs3027399(G) indicate specifically that it is the 5R version. The 2R version and the 3.5R version weren’t mentioned. (R)
Rs2064070 – Males with: rs909525 (C), rs6323 (G) and rs2064070 (A) had higher scores on the scale measuring expression of anger outwards. (R) Females with TT allele reported higher ‘‘spontaneous aggression.” (R)
Rs6323 (MAOA R297R Gene) – The G or GG allele indicates higher levels of the enzyme, while the T allele indicates lower levels (T is the ‘risk’ allele). (R) In females, the G allele was associated with higher outward anger (p = 0.002) and it seems like G allele also causes aggression in males. (R)G=More Aggression.
The T allele was overrepresented in patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. (R)T=Anxiety.
Females with TT reported higher levels of ‘‘angry temperament’’. Female suicide attempters with TT reported higher ‘‘self-aggression’’. (R)
Rs3027399 (MAOA) – The combination rs909525(A) AND rs6323(G) AND rs3027399(G) indicate specifically that it is the 5R version. The 2R version and the 3.5R version weren’t mentioned. (R)
Rs2235186 (MAOA Gene) was correlated with anger control traits of healthy female college students in China. (R) I don’t know which allele was associated with more anger control.
Rs1799836 (MAOB) – Different gene, but why not include it. “TT” was associated with being angry in both males and females. (R)
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三寸金莲，中国独有，世界惊诧!
蓄辫和缠足，长期以来被视为中国落后愚昧的两个象征，这两样东西，一个关于男人，一个关于女人;一个关乎头，一个关乎脚;一个有着近500年的历史，一个则绵延1000多年。只是中国的男人都要蓄辫，中国的女人却不必都要缠足，慈禧太后就不缠足。
因为她是满八旗。著名历史学教授茅海建在《苦命天子——咸丰皇帝奕詝》一书中认为，在中国历朝历代的皇太后中，慈禧太后可谓是各种传说最多且最具戏剧化的。经过近些年来历史学家的详细考证，她又成了历朝历代皇太后中身世最为清晰者。慈禧太后出身官宦世家，属于镶蓝旗，而有清一朝，始终严禁八旗女子缠足。
400年前曾禁止缠足
缠足究竟何时开始，众说纷纭，一般认为，宋代已开始流行，但可以肯定的是，这是古代流行于中原地区的陋习，少数民族如北方的契丹、女真、蒙古等游牧民族是不缠足的。
清朝是满族建立的政权，满族统治者对汉族女子缠足极其反感。还未入关，皇太极就于1638年谕旨“有效他国衣冠、束发裹足者，治重罪”，“他国”是明朝。1644年清军入关后，一方面强令蓄辫，一方面下令汉人所生女子不得缠足。顺治到康熙时期，清廷曾多次发布禁令，不许妇女缠足。孝庄皇后曾谕“有以缠足女子入宫者斩”，这是对满族女子缠足的最严厉惩罚。
清朝初年，束发和缠足是汉人珍视的传统，深入人心，所以满清政府的强令蓄辫和废止缠足遭到汉人的坚决抵制。满清政府随即进行了残酷的镇压，“留头不留发，留发不留头”，高压之下，蓄辫得以推行，但废止缠足竟不了了之。
其实当时清政府颁布了多道废止缠足的法令，但一直收效甚微。至1668年，都察院左都御史王熙上书请求解除缠足的禁令，得到康熙的许可，清政府只好默认了汉族女子缠足的事实。清政府的这一态度也是出于无奈，首先是当时清兵入关不久，汉人的反抗斗争此起彼伏，强令蓄辫已让他们焦头烂额，没有更多的精力耗费在缠足问题上;其次是女子秉性柔弱，社会地位较低，对新政权的威胁较小，而且强令蓄辫已经造成严重的民族对立，许多汉族士大夫不满清廷，从缓和民族矛盾的角度出发，清政府也只好选择妥协了。
清朝缠足的女子们
慈禧坚决反对缠足
慈禧太后自己不缠足，反对缠足也很坚决。清末的维新派反对缠足，康有为等还创立不缠足会，轰动一时。慈禧太后镇压了维新派，却继续举起康梁等人提倡的反对缠足的大旗。八国联军侵华战争后，慈禧深深领教了洋人的厉害，因此在返回京城后，实行了一系列的改革。1902年，慈禧太后下达了劝禁缠足的谕旨，1905年她再次颁布谕旨：“汉人妇女率多缠足，由来已久，有伤造物之和，嗣后缙绅之家，务当婉切劝导，使之家喻户晓，以期渐除积习。”一时间全国各地官吏纷纷响应，取得明显成效。
但是，千年的缠足传统不是慈禧太后的一句话就能终结的，虽然她权力很大，一手遮天。有一个故事就讲了慈禧太后的这种无奈。
有一次，一个外国的公使夫人和慈禧太后聊天时说：“大清朝女人因为缠足，都成了全世界的笑料了。”慈禧太后一听，心里很不舒服。当时欧洲国家的女人都有束腰的习惯，为了使腰部细瘦而束紧腰部，这也是一种陋习，和中国的缠足一样，严重摧残身体，不少女性因为过分束腰，导致身体畸形甚至丧命。慈禧太后看着身前的这位公使夫人，虽然长得人高马大，但是腰很细，料定她一定束腰了，于是问道：“我听说洋人有束腰习惯，现在这儿没有外人，我倒想看看你们女人是用什么东西来束腰的。
看过之后，她感慨地说：“洋人妇女受此等洋罪，还要用铁条把自己的腰束起来，可怜呀可怜!”然后送给她一套宽松的满族服装换上。之后一连几天，这位公使夫人都没来见慈禧。慈禧连忙派人去问，得知公使夫人的身子不太舒服。慈禧得意地说：“果然不出我所料，束腰的带子解下来之后，要恢复成原来的样子，是得需要点时间的。她们还笑话我们，我看她们这才是活受罪呢!”
事实上，放足也是一种痛苦，因为缠足已经扭曲了脚部骨头和筋络，放足是吃二遍苦,遭二茬罪。1927年出版的《妇女杂志》讲述了这样一个故事：缠足女子桂英嫁给了留学生丈夫，思想先进的丈夫以救世主的口吻要求她放足，桂英要为了丈夫做一个时髦的妇人，顺从了丈夫，但放足的滋味实在不好受，一度痛得要死。历史传统的改变，就是如此之艰难!
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导语：慈禧太后下谕，在刑法没有颁布出来之前，斩首暂定为极刑，应即刻废止凌迟枭首等残暴刑罚，以及停用烙印、鞭笞、连坐等。慈禧太后称，这些起源于明朝的野蛮刑罚是违背了满人仁慈之心的。
“凌迟”可以说是“中国酷刑”的极致代表。一直都被用来处决罪大恶极之人，当然也不可避免地出现了一些忠良被奸臣构害处以凌迟的悲惨事件!清朝是凌迟处罚最为严重的朝代，得到了“发扬光大”也因此被外国人视为中国的极致酷刑。那么，惨无人道的凌迟之刑是什么时候废除的呢?又是谁同意废除的呢?
有崇祯时期的两位社会名流，一位是忠诚报国的蓟辽督师袁崇焕，罪名是叛国通敌，剐3543刀，残肉被痛恨汉奸的没脑愤青吃掉，另一位是喜欢高调进谏的翰林院为庶吉士郑鄤，罪名是棒打后妈、奸儿媳、奸妹，剐3600刀，残肉出售，做调制疮疥中药的原材料。
满族入主中原后，很多法令都是沿袭前朝，为了稳固统治，实行的是胡萝卜加大棒的策略。一方面，安抚百姓，减免税收，休养生息;另一方面，只要威胁到其统治，下手绝不留情。很多刑罚的使用范围不断地扩大，像劫囚、越狱、掘坟、逼人致死等等都得凌迟。
至于那些造反的农民起义首领，更没有商量的余地全都凌迟。如清末太平天国起义失败后，将领林凤翔、李开芳等八人被俘，押解到北京凌迟示众。捻军首领张洛行、赖文光兵败被俘，也受了凌迟之刑。而石达开被俘受刑时，被割一百多刀，从始至终默然无声。光凭这一点，也绝不是一般人能够达到的。想想我小时候每次打针都会大哭一场，实在汗颜啊。
到了20世纪初，有法国使馆士兵在北京菜市口刑场，拍摄到三个不同死刑犯的凌迟照片。照片显示的是当时比较流行的“八刀刑”处决。所谓“八刀刑”，就是指刽子手利用一篓编上号码的锋利刀具对人进行分割：第一刀，切胸口(一律从左侧开始，下列其他部位亦然);第二刀，切二头肌;第三刀，大腿;第四刀和第五刀，切手臂至肘部;第六刀和第七刀，切小腿至膝盖;第八刀，枭首。支解后的尸体残骸放入篓子里，头颅则公开示众，期限不定。
此外，据说还有“十六刀”、“三十二刀”、“三百六十刀”刀数越多越接近正宗的凌迟。法国士兵的这些照片传到欧洲后，引起极大的轰动，“凌迟”在法国也被视为“中国酷刑”的极致代表。估计那些西方人也不会明白，战场上打仗很软的中国人，在对付自己同胞方面怎么如此的强硬?其实也不是强硬，主要还是对付自己人心里有底。
但酷刑终究不是解决时局危机的法门，随着文明的推进，西方国家都玩起了安乐死，你大清还搞得这么血腥，明摆着让人看不起么。光绪三十一年(1905)，清政府修订法律，大臣沈家本奏请删除凌迟等几项重刑，这事得到慈禧的首肯，她在《删除律例内重法折》的批复中说：“我朝入关之初，立刑以斩罪为极重。顺治年间修订刑律，沿用前明旧制，始有凌迟等极刑。虽以惩儆凶顽，究非国家法外施仁之本意。”至此，使用千余年的凌迟终于从法典中消失，被斩首代替了。
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